Movement at a joint takes place in a plane about an axis. Rotations and twisting motions fall under this plane (internal rotation, external rotation).Īn axis is a straight line around which a limb rotates. The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior. Lateral movements that involves the limbs moving away and towards the body fall under this plane (adduction, abduction). The frontal plane also lies vertically but divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Forward and backward movements fall into this plane (flexion, extension). The sagittal plane lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts. Planes describe the direction of the movement. At each joint, we can break down the movement into three planes. In order to describe movements we typically break down the movement and describe what is occurring at every joint. There are many types of movement that can occur at synovial joints ( Table 1). Overall, each type of synovial joint is necessary to provide the body with its great flexibility and mobility. While the ball-and-socket joint gives the greatest range of movement at an individual joint, in other regions of the body, several joints may work together to produce a particular movement. The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements.
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